ECG 3 Click Board™

Product Code: MIKROE-3273

Note: ECG 3 Click Board™ is a development and prototyping tool. It is not intended to be used for a medical treatment of patients and other life-critical applications! A high DC offset range allows it to be used with various electrodes, while the interrupt-based heart rate detection eliminates the need for the detection algorithm on the host MCU. A very high input impedance, coupled with the low-pass and high-pass filter options, allows user-adjustable tolerance vs accuracy factor. Embedded R-to-R detection and ECG functionalities simplify the firmware development. The inputs of the biopotential channel of the MAX30003 AFE IC are protected against the electrostatic discharge (ESD) and filtered against electromagnetic interferences (EMI), primarily generated by AC mains. Sequential power-up procedure reduces the inrush current through the electrodes, while fast recovery combined with the DC coupling helps to handle large voltage offsets between electrodes after the electrosurgery or defibrillation conditions occur.

How Does The ECG 3 Click Board™ Work? The ECG 3 Click Board™ is equipped with the MAX30003 IC, an ultra-low power, single channel, integrated biopotential AFE, with the ECG and R-to-R detection functionality, from Maxim Integrated. To better understand the working principles of the ECG 3 click, some knowledge about how the heart works is required. There is a useful learning article about ECG monitoring, which can be a good starting point. Electrocardiography is a process of recording electrical activity of the heart over a period of time, using electrodes placed on the body. These electrodes detect small electrical changes that arise from the electrophysiological pattern of the heart muscle. ECG 3 click is used to record a single-channel electrocardiogram. Electrodes can be attached to ECG 3 click via the onboard 3.5mm jack. ECG 3 click uses a three-electrode system, where two electrodes are connected to the positive and negative differential input of the MAX30003 (ECGP and ECGN pins), while the third electrode is connected to the GND. The Click board™ can be used with the cable and electrodes such as these: ECG/EMG cable, and ECG/EMG electrodes. In this case, the white electrode is the GND electrode. These voltage impulses are weak by nature and in the range of just a few millivolts. Therefore, any interferences might obscure them, making them undetectable. These interferences might be induced in the human body itself, or they might appear as the result of the activity of other muscles, such as skeletal muscles. The MAX30003 is armed with several methods to reduce these interferences. However, the placement of the measurement electrodes is also crucial for the accurate readings. More about the electrodes and their placement can be found in the aforementioned learning article. The MAX30003 IC has two differential inputs which comprise a single ECG channel. Therefore, the heart can be monitored from a single plane only - the coronal plane. However, this is quite enough for the fitness, heart rate monitoring and similar applications. All the mentioned features are mostly related to the conditioning of the input signal and protecting the IC from voltage surges, so several types of electrodes can be used. The inputs are equipped with a single-pole, high-pass (HP) EMI filter, with the cutoff frequency set to 2MHz, as the first line of defense against the interferences. A set of integrated clamping diodes prevent the ESD surges to reach the IC and damage it. The inputs are connected with the electrodes over the protective serial switches, which are disabled by default. When developing own application, a care should be taken to turn these switches ON. However, the mikroSDK library functions included with the Click board™ take care about the proper configuring and initialization. The differential inputs are further amplified by an integrated low-noise, high-impedance instrumentation amplifier (IA) with the fixed gain. The IA section features yet another HP filter which helps to reject movement artifacts, which are generated by skeletal muscles. Depending on the application requirements, higher cutoff frequency will result with less accurate ECG signal, but the effects of the motion artifacts will be reduced even more. This frequency is determined by a capacitor between CAPP and CAPN pins of the MAX30003 IC, which is about 0.04Hz with the 1uF capacitor used on the ECG 3 click. The recommended range for the HP cutoff frequency is from 0.04Hz up to 4.4Hz. Following the IA section, the MAX30003 incorporates the two-pole low-pass anti-aliasing (LP) filter, with the cutoff frequency at 600Hz, which ensures good sampling quality. The programmable gain amplifier is the next section in the signal chain, allowing optimal signal amplitudes to reach the next stage - the sigma-delta 18-bit A/D converter, which ultimately generates the heart rate readings over the SPI interface. Other features of the MAX30003 I