UPS Click Board™

Product Code: MIKROE-3001

The UPS Click Board™ has several key features, which allow efficient utilization of the supercapacitors: automatic cell balancing - for prevention of the capacitor overvoltage, low noise constant frequency charging - for a clean, noiseless power supply output, low power mode - when the input supply is removed the supercapacitors are not affected by the charging circuitry. It also requires a low count of external components and comes equipped with two connectors, which are used to connect the external load, but also to expand the capacity of the existing supercapacitors, if needed. These features allow UPS click to be used as a backup power source for a wide range of battery-operated embedded applications. How Does The UPS Click Board™ Work? The main active component of the UPS Click Board™ is the LTC3225, a 150mA supercapacitor charger from Analog Devices, used to charge two serially connected capacitors with a controlled current and constant voltage. The LTC3225 IC has the unique ability to maintain constant voltage levels on both of the connected supercapacitors, by monitoring their voltages.

This improves the lifecycle of the supercapacitors, protecting them from overvoltage. When a voltage difference occurs during charging (depending on the dissimilarities between the two used supercapacitors) the voltage across one of them might rise enough to cause damage. Unlike other balancing techniques that use resistors to discharge the capacitor which has a greater voltage, the LTC3225 automatically adjusts the charging currents of two capacitors, until their charging speed is equal. The difference between the charging currents can be increased or decreased by 50%. When the Cout voltage reaches its nominal value (selected by the pull-up resistor on the Vsel pin to 5.3V), the internal charge pump is turned off, allowing the IC to enter the low power mode. The recharging cycle is automatically restarted when the voltage of the supercapacitors drops under a threshold. The output terminals are used to connect an external load. There are two screw terminals routed to the output pins of each capacitor. Two supercapacitors are serially connected: the high-side capacitor has its positive pin connected to the Cout (a regulated voltage output pin), while the low-side capacitor has its negative pin connected to the GND. The negative pin of the high-side supercapacitor and the positive pin of the low-side supercapacitor is connected together and routed to the CX pin of the LTC3225, which is maintained at Cout/2. The voltage across a single terminal is, therefore, Cout/2, so to use the full range of the output voltage, a load should be connected between the high-side terminal labelled with the "+" sign, and the low-side terminal, labelled with the "-" sign. These terminals can also be used to connect additional supercapacitors since the supercapacitors are in parallel with the connected load. When the power source is turned off, the output voltage (Cout) depends only on used supercapacitors. These two supercapacitors have an equivalent capacitance of 1.65F and they will become the only elements that provide power for the connected load when the power supply is removed. These capacitors will discharge through the connected load, and the output voltage will exponentially decrease according to the capacitor discharging formula. The #SHDN pin can be used to put the device in the low power shutdown mode, by applying a LOW logic level. This pin is routed to the RST pin of the mikroBUS™ and it is labelled as SDN. It is pulled to a HIGH logic level by an onboard pull-up resistor. It is possible to read the output voltage value by using the voltage divider, connected between the GND and the Cout. When the supercapacitors are fully charged, with the Cout voltage level of 5.3V, the value on the middle point of the voltage divider will be about 1.7V. The middle point of the voltage divider is routed to the AN pin of the mikroBUS™, allowing an easy analogue to digital conversion by the host MCU. This pin is labelled as SEN on the Click board™. The PGOOD pin of the LTC3225 IC is routed to the mikroBUS™ CS pin and it is labelled as PGD. This pin is an open-drain output and it is pulled to a HIGH logic level by an onboard resistor. When the output voltage reaches the value which is 6% below the nominal value, this pin is de-asserted. When the voltage drops under 7.2% below its nominal value, this pin is asserted and it is pulled to a LOW logic level. It can be used to monitor the state of the output supercapacitors. The UPS Click Board™ takes its power from the mikroBUS™. By moving the onboard SMD jumper labelled as JP1, it is possible to select either 3.3V or 5V rail as the input power source. It also selects the IC operating voltage, allowing interfacing with both the 5V and 3.3V MCUs. Regardless of the selected operating voltage, the output voltage is always 5.3V, as set by the Vsel pin of the UPS click. The UPS Click Board™ us